Health Group Medicana (MEDICANA)

The Medical Oncology Department cooperates with the departments of radiology, pathology, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology and other departments of internal medicine and takes all necessary precautions to maintain healthy treatment. In addition to cancer patients who need treatment, all tests and examinations of people suspected of having cancer are carried out with precision. This ensures early diagnosis of cancer cells and the treatment stage begins quickly. Medicana doctors accept patients with all types of cancer for treatment. The clinic is equipped with CT, PET-CT, MRI, mammography, CyberKnife system and Versa HD linear accelerator. The medical complex has 4 medical departments:

• medical oncology – a center for diagnostics and treatment of most malignant tumors
• radiation oncology – a department where radiation therapy is performed (treatment with ionized radiation)
• nuclear medicine – a diagnostic department where the location and size of a tumor are determined and the
• effectiveness of treatment after surgery or therapy is monitored
• molecular oncology – a research center for the study of genetic disorders and factors influencing the formation of cancer cells

The center’s doctors also perform bone marrow transplants to treat myelofibrosis, leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, and hemoglobinopathy.

In healthcare practice, the main goal is to improve and protect the quality of life of people. Therefore, it is extremely important that preventive medical practices are carried out correctly and regularly before providing diagnostic and treatment services. Control examinations, which are used to determine the health status of people, take preventive measures in accordance with the established risk factors and provide services for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases, are crucial for the health of your body. A check-up is a medical service that covers all diagnostic and research activities carried out in order to assess the general health of the human body, identify risk factors for possible diseases, control and treat existing problems. Depending on various parameters, such as the age of the person who has applied for examination, the presence of additional diseases, risk factors – the health of a person is assessed using certain screening tests. If necessary, the patient is referred for additional tests, offered to change his lifestyle or start treatment. First of all, a detailed medical history of the patient is taken, the general health is also taken into account. Diagnosed diseases (if any) are studied. Additionally, attention is paid to previously prescribed treatment and family history. Then an examination of the body is carried out. During a physical examination, the following values ​​are measured:

• blood pressure,
• pulse and respiration,
• special systemic examinations are carried out (cardiological examination for scanning the heart or neurological examination to assess the nervous system for checking the brain).

A breast exam for women or an extended prostate exam for men may be added to a routine check-up. The following tests are taken as part of a routine check-up to determine the general health of the individual:

• Complete blood count (hemogram),
• Complete urine analysis,
• Blood lipid levels (fats and cholesterol in the blood),
• Chest X-ray,
• Electrocardiography,
• Thyroid function is checked.

In addition to the above routine tests, the examination may include: tests for antibodies to hepatitis, HIV or infectious agents in the vaccination program, bone screening for osteoporosis, mammography and Pap smear for women over 40 years of age.

The department of hospitals and similar medical institutions responsible for performing the necessary medical interventions for diseases related to the oral cavity, teeth, gums and jaw area is called the dental department. The medical personnel working in this department are dentists, dental technicians, prosthodontists, radiologists, nurses. There are departments: orthodontics, periodontology, pedodontics, maxillofacial surgery, endodontics and aesthetic dentistry. Problems with the health of the oral cavity and teeth can be different. Accordingly, the department works in the following areas:

• preventive dentistry – oral health largely depends on regular preventive dental examinations, so you can avoid a large number of problems
  orthodontics – crooked teeth, discrepancies between the lower and upper jaws, and dental malocclusion are included in the field of orthodontics. Such disorders can both disrupt the aesthetics of appearance and cause other serious problems. Orthodontic treatment, commonly known as braces, is used for this and similar diseases of the oral cavity and teeth.
• periodontics – gum diseases, which begin with gingivitis, cause problems such as tooth loss, tartar, gum recession, periodontitis (damage to the tissues that support the teeth and alveolar bone). Symptoms of gum disease are listed below, if you have one of the listed symptoms, we advise you to contact the periodontology department:

• • bleeding gums,
  • redness and swelling of gums,
  • loosening, lengthening of teeth,
  • inflammation between the tooth and gum,
  • shifting of teeth,
  • gum recession and sensitivity on exposed root surfaces respectively,
  • bad odor and taste in the mouth,
  • black spots caused by tartar between the teeth or at the edges of the gums

• Pedodontics – oral and dental health problems observed in childhood are treated in the Pedodontics Department. This department accepts patients from 0 to 15 years of age. The Pedodontics Department treats existing problems such as caries and early tooth loss, as well as providing preventive treatment. These services include: dentures, fillings, fissure sealants, fluoride gel and fluoride varnish. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – this department plays an important role in the treatment of diseases such as the formation of cysts and lesions in the jaw bones, fractures of teeth and jaws, implant treatment and reduction of the jaw bones. In the treatment of these diseases, such treatment methods as bone powder (graft) applications, sinus lift, apical resection are used. Local anesthesia is used during the procedures. In addition, the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery deals with the treatment of tumors or cysts of soft and hard tissues (palate, tongue, cheeks, lips, muscles, bones and teeth) in the oral cavity.
  Endodontics – this department deals with the treatment of loss of tooth vitality as a result of damage to the pulp tissue containing nerve and vascular packages in the teeth. If treatment is neglected, health problems such as tooth loss and damage to the roots of the teeth may occur.
  Aesthetic Dentistry – the Department of Aesthetic Dentistry deals with problems of correcting the appearance of teeth, distortion of the surface or shape of teeth, caries and discoloration. To give the patient a more aesthetic smile, applications such as composite or porcelain laminate, porcelain veneers, whitening, gum correction are used.

The biochemical laboratory undertakes the task of testing samples of fluids taken from the body (blood, urine, and fluids taken from body cavities, etc.) and reporting the results. This department usually provides the results of tests requested by doctors during the examination and sometimes may recommend tests for further proper diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this case, the tests used by the biochemical laboratory are listed below:

• Routine chemistry tests
• complete blood count
• blood gases
• Cardiac markers
• Tumor markers
• Coagulometric (coagulation related) tests
• Drug levels
• Metabolic diagnostics and screening tests
• Toxicology tests
• urine tests
• electrolytes
• Electrophoresis tests
• Hormonal tests
• Enzyme tests
• RIA tests

The biochemistry laboratory deals with the diagnosis and treatment of almost all diseases. The biochemistry laboratory is responsible for the analysis and interpretation of tests that must be performed for diseases of interest to endocrinology, nephrology, gastroenterology, gynecology, general surgery, nutrition and diet, neurology, oncology and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, biochemistry laboratories serve to treat all age groups, from newborns to the elderly.

Child health and disease is a science that provides prevention, diagnosis and treatment of all children from newborns to adults (18 years). First of all, it is necessary to monitor the child’s health, monitor its development, conduct examinations and prevent diseases. Doctors meticulously diagnose and treat many childhood diseases, provide services in the following areas:

• Pediatric surgery
• Pediatric hematology
• Pediatric nephrology
• Pediatric gastroenterology
• Pediatric rheumatology
• Pediatric cardiology
• Pediatric endocrinology
• Pediatric and adolescent psychiatry
• Pediatric immunology and allergic diseases
• Pediatric oncology

Some of the skin conditions that require immediate medical attention can be prevented in the short term with simple medications, while others require long-term treatment. The main conditions treated by dermatologists who diagnose and treat (from acne to skin cancer) are:

• Acne
• Itching
• Urticaria
• Parasitic skin diseases (pediculosis, scabies, etc.)
• Fungal diseases (nails, feet, hands, body, genitals, scalp, etc.)
• Eczema diseases (contact eczema, seborrheic eczema, atopic dermatitis, etc.)
• Psoriasis, lichen and similar dermatitis
• Hair diseases (dandruff, scalp eczema, genetic hair loss, etc.)
• Behcet’s disease
• Bullous diseases
• Benign and malignant skin tumors
• Connective tissue diseases
• Pigmentation disorders (sun spots, vitiligo, freckles, etc.)
• Infectious/contagious rash diseases (scarlet fever, rubella, chickenpox, shingles, etc.) lichen, etc.)
• Allergic skin diseases (insect bites, food allergies, drug allergies, etc.)
• Sexually transmitted diseases (infectious diseases such as genital warts, herpes, syphilis)
• Sun allergies
• Hirsutism (excessive hair growth)
• Hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating)
• Corns and warts
• Moles
• Vascular skin diseases
• Nail diseases
• Diseases of the lips, tongue, and oral cavity (aphthae, herpes, and other diseases that occur in the mouth)
• Skin diseases due to nutritional and metabolic disorders
• Skin diseases due to psychological reasons
• Skin manifestations in systemic diseases
• Skin diseases caused by genetic reasons
• Disorders caused by physical factors (reaction to heat or cold, reactions to a foreign body, etc.)

A person can have many types of skin diseases, vulnerable to external factors. Some diseases that occur on the skin can cause unwanted aesthetic and cosmetic manifestations, problems with the appearance of people can cause psychological problems. The skin provides water balance, acts as a shield from the sun’s ultraviolet rays, keeps the body temperature in balance, the skin is extremely important for life. For this reason, dermatologists play a huge role in the diagnosis and treatment of many other diseases, as well as these disorders.

Some of the diagnostic and treatment methods used in the field of dermatology are:

• Skin biopsy: The process of taking different sized pieces of tissue from a suspected lesion to confirm the diagnosis. The material taken during the procedure is performed under local anesthesia and sent for testing.
• Cryotherapy: A freezing method used to treat skin lesions. It is used to treat various skin conditions such as warts, skin cancer, calluses, sun spots, genital warts, and molluscum contagiosum using liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees.
• Electrocautery: This is a method used to create tissue damage or stop bleeding in order to treat electrical shock. It is used to treat conditions such as moles, warts, sebaceous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma, seborrheic keratosis.
• Dermoscopy: Dermoscopy can examine moles and non-pigmented lesions, and can also provide detailed observation of abnormal skin structures, parasites, skin tumors, and blood vessel disorders.
• Body Scan: Body ego mapping, which should be done regularly even in healthy individuals, plays an important role in the early detection of skin cancer.
• Allergy Tests: Prick (Punch test), Patch (Patch test) are performed on individuals with suspected allergies to determine what the condition is and how severe it is.
• Phototherapy: Also known as light therapy, it can be used to treat unexplained pruritus, vitiligo, psoriasis.

The Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases deals with the treatment of hormonal and metabolic disorders. The diseases included in this block are the following:

• Diabetes mellitus is the most common disease among endocrinology and metabolic diseases. This is a situation when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin produced. This disease is one of the diseases that can last a lifetime. A patient with diabetes mellitus has too much sugar in the blood. Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus after regularly measuring their fasting and postprandial sugar levels are most often divided into “type 1” and “type 2”. Once the type of the disease is determined, drug or insulin therapy begins under the supervision of a doctor, preventing further damage to the body. Obesity is a very common disease. There are many reasons that contribute to the development of obesity. Irregular and unhealthy diet, genetic problems can cause obesity, insulin resistance, thyroid and adrenal diseases, ovarian or pituitary diseases can also be the cause of the disease. After obesity caused by endocrine reasons, the doctor begins the process of treating the patient under the supervision of a nutritionist.
• The thyroid gland is the main factor in the rate of metabolism in the human body, affecting the improper functioning of the internal organs. With excessive secretion of thyroid hormones, palpitations, irritability, excessive weight loss, increased sweating, trembling hands, hair loss, thinning and moisture of the skin are observed. With insufficient thyroid function, fatigue, drowsiness, intolerance to cold, constipation, depression, joint pain, dry skin, decreased libido, menstrual irregularities are observed.
• Hypertension is high blood pressure. Hypertension with damage to the blood vessels leading to the heart, brain and kidneys can lead to consequences such as heart attack, kidney failure and stroke
  Infertility – there are millions of couples in the world who do not have children. With the right treatment methods, having a child is possible. The Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases solves such problems as menstrual irregularities, menopause, sexual weakness, polycystic ovary syndrome.
• Osteomalacia and rickets – a disease in which bones soften in adults and rickets in children. In addition to hormonal disorders, this disease can also be caused by a deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D. Aging and menopause are among the factors that provoke the disease. Vitamin D can be obtained from the sun at certain times of the day or supplemented with additional drugs. However, to prevent the disease, it is necessary to be under the supervision of a doctor. Adrenal disease – Cortisol is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands. The disease caused by excessive secretion or consumption of cortisol is called “Cushing’s syndrome”. This rare disease is more common in women. Weight gain, cracked skin, kidney stones, fat accumulation in the back of the head, hair growth in women, high blood sugar are just some of the symptoms of this disease. In addition to the disease, which is treated surgically or with medication, there are many other diseases of the adrenal glands. Adrenal mass, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) should also be monitored and treated within the framework of endocrinology and metabolic diseases.

The infectious diseases department deals with many diseases from flu to urinary tract infection, from AIDS to jaundice, from tuberculosis to diarrhea. Infectious disease doctors conduct various studies on resistant microorganisms, especially those observed in intensive care units, and teach other doctors and staff on this subject. Viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, etc. Some microorganisms can cause diseases by releasing toxins after they multiply (after entering the body). Infection also works in direct proportion to the body’s defense mechanism. If the defense mechanism does not work properly, microorganisms initiate infectious diseases. Factors that reduce the defense mechanism: malnutrition, poor hygiene, immune system deficiency, chronic diseases, infancy or old age, improper vaccination, medication and surgical treatment. Infections can be transmitted by airborne droplets, as well as by direct or indirect contact. Food, water, plasma, blood, serum and faeces are also intermediate sources of infection. Insects such as fleas, ticks and mosquitoes, especially found in tropical regions, can also carry infections and infect the human body. Infectious diseases, one of the most common diseases in the world and in Turkey, are among the diseases that can lead to death. While these death rates are decreasing due to technology and rapid diagnosis in developed countries, the opposite can be said in underdeveloped countries.

Physiotherapy is a method that treats functional disorders or losses caused by accidents, injuries, congenital disorders associated with other causes of the disease. Physiotherapy can be used both independently and in combination with other methods of treatment. Physiotherapy can be carried out using radiation, heat, physical exercise, electric current, cold and hot applications and physical agents. The goal of rehabilitation sessions carried out with therapeutic exercise is the physiological, social, spiritual and professional independence of the patient. Rehabilitation often takes longer than physiotherapy. There are several methods used in physiotherapy and rehabilitation. Thermotherapy uses ultrasound, short and microwave waves, laser, hot compresses, heliotherapy (treatment with sun rays), paraffin baths, infrared rays (treatment with hot applications). Cold application treatments, called cryotherapy, use cold packs and compresses, cooling sprays, ice massage and pouches. While hydrotherapy with hot water, spas, jacuzzis are also treatments, electrotherapy with direct and alternating current is a physical therapy and rehabilitation method. Other methods include medication, mechanical therapy (massage, manual therapy, traction, etc.) and applications.

What diseases does physiotherapy treat?

Pain problems: neck, waist, back, foot, knee, etc. Musculoskeletal pain in the body can be treated with physiotherapy and rehabilitation methods. Acute pain caused by tissue damage due to disease or injury is the specialty of this department. On the other hand, chronic pain that persists neurologically or psychologically requires long-term treatment.

Sports injuries: Muscle injuries, meniscus injuries, fractures and other injuries that occur during sports can be treated surgically, or they can be restored with the help of physical therapy and rehabilitation. Even if the patient needs surgery, physical therapy is important after this process. In order for the problem area to regain its former health, it is necessary to perform exercises under the supervision of a doctor and not interrupt it.

Parkinson’s disease: especially seen in old age, occurs as a result of decreased dopamine levels in cells. In addition to medications used under the supervision of a neurologist, the patient must also exercise regularly. Tremor in the hands, difficulty walking, speech impairment, etc. Physiotherapy is aimed at increasing the patient’s mobility and improving the quality of life.

Rheumatic diseases: Rheumatism, which is used to describe pain felt in muscles, joints or bones, is not a separate disease. In inflammatory and non-inflammatory rheumatism, osteoporosis, rheumatism of the joints, heel spurs, tennis and golfer’s elbow, calcific tendonitis, calcifications, impingement syndromes of the shoulder, shoulder muscle tears, soft tissue rheumatism, gout, Mediterranean fever, connective tissue diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, acute various diseases such as articular rheumatism. Swelling, difficulty in using a joint, constant pain, fever or redness are some of the symptoms of rheumatic diseases. Many rheumatic diseases are treated with physical therapy and rehabilitation, as well as medications depending on the severity of the disease.

Stroke: When a stroke occurs after damage to the blood vessels in the brain, the patient’s ability to move a certain part of his body is limited. Physiotherapy and rehabilitation are an important treatment method that speeds up the patient’s recovery, brings him to a state that meets his own needs and returns him to social life.

Fractures: patients with sprains, fractures or dislocations may present with various complaints. Once symptoms such as inability to move, swelling, pain, bruising appear, a plaster cast may be applied to the injured area, and sometimes surgery may be performed. After treating the injured area with these methods, physical therapy and rehabilitation are required. Muscle weakness occurs in areas that have been inactive for a long time, and exercises and various methods can help restore the patient to his former health.

Cervical and lumbar hernia: loss of integrity of the discs between the vertebrae leads to the formation of hernias. In addition to drug therapy, a widely used method of treating hernias is therapeutic exercise and rehabilitation. However, these methods vary depending on the level of the disease. Progressive hernias are sometimes treated with surgery.

Lymphedema: fluid accumulation due to abnormal accumulation of congenital (primary) or acquired (secondary) lymphatic fluid in tissues and insufficiency of the lymphatic system, in this case, manual lymphatic drainage is one of the other areas of application of physiotherapy and rehabilitation department. In manual lymphatic drainage, the lymphatic pathways with slow fluid flow are activated and the lymphatic system is processed. After this, the bandaging method is applied. If necessary, compression garments can be used. Manual lymphatic drainage should not be confused with classical massage, this drainage has a unique application technique and should be applied by trained physiotherapists.

The hospital staff provides high-quality services in the field of surgery and postoperative care. It successfully ensures the healthiest completion of surgical processes with a full-fledged hospital, operating room and auxiliary medical care departments located in different provinces. With a staff of doctors specialized in various surgical disciplines, maximum positive results are achieved in improving all diseases in the field of general surgery.

General surgery is a discipline based on the surgical treatment of diseases that cannot be cured with drugs or other medical methods. The term “surgery”, whose origin goes back to the Latin word “chirurgiae” and means “handwork”, is used today to treat many diseases surgically.

The General Surgery Department, which specializes in various fields, collaborates with units with expertise in various fields such as oncology, endocrinology and traumatology. General surgery, which is one of the areas where new generation medical methods are most frequently used, is a treatment system that widely uses robotic technologies and achieves successful results. The organ on which the operation will be performed or the systems to which the organ is “connected” also determine which general surgery department will perform the treatment. Thyroid surgeries are performed to eliminate diseases that require surgical treatment of patients in the endocrinology department. Operations on the esophagus, small and large intestines, stomach, rectum, liver, gall bladder are performed by general surgery to treat diseases of the digestive system. Operations are performed in an open or closed manner. Endoscopic and laparoscopic systems, often used among closed surgical methods, positively contribute to the rapid course of postoperative recovery. Oncological patients make up a significant portion of general surgery patients. Tumor formations that can occur in different parts of the body are removed in cooperation with the general surgery department and doctors specializing in the area to which the corresponding organ is connected. Diagnostic and treatment methods for cancer patients are planned and applied simultaneously by general surgeons and specialist doctors of the relevant department. Surgical and postoperative treatment methods continue to be carried out jointly with various departments, such as pathology, radiology, and medical oncology.

Diagnosis and treatment of all types of diseases of the female reproductive organs. The obstetrics department deals with pregnancy support and elimination of pregnancy problems. In addition, the scope of interests of this section also includes diagnosis of female infertility problems, egg tracking and in vitro fertilization. The obstetrics and gynecology department, in addition to obstetrics and pregnancy, is a department that provides services with all the capabilities of modern medicine in such subjects as pediatric – adolescent gynecology, gynecological oncological diseases, urogynecology, reproductive health, high-risk pregnancy, sexual dysfunction, menopause, gynecological surgeries. The diseases that are examined in the gynecology and obstetrics department and the diagnostic and treatment process of which is observed are the following:

• obstetrics and gynecology: gynecological examinations, breast diseases, ultrasonographic examinations, diagnosis and treatment of hormonal disorders, cancer screenings (ultrasound, blood tests, smear, HIV test), individual family planning methods (use of an intrauterine device, birth control pills)
• pregnancy and childbirth: the necessary examinations are carried out before pregnancy. The pregnancy process is monitored in detail and carefully, and close attention is paid to the health of the mother and child. Information is given on what to do during childbirth, precautions are taken and, if necessary, intervention is performed. In addition, this section includes such issues as prevention of risks that may develop in consanguineous marriages, screening for genetic disorders, chromosome analysis.

The services provided in this context can be summarized as follows:

• pre-pregnancy consultations and examinations
• carry out necessary laboratory tests with monitoring of the mother’s health,
  pregnancy detection from the 5th week using abdominal and/or transvaginal ultrasound and close monitoring of the developmental process
• ultrasound screening of fetal abnormalities to detect familial disorders or congenital problems in infants
• pregnancy diet selection, double and triple quadruple screening tests, genetic tests, amniocentesis
• follow-up care of high-risk pregnancies in the expectant mother who has experienced problems during pregnancy as a result of the tests performed,
• provision of support services such as adaptation of the expectant mother during pregnancy in such matters as mental,
• physical and nutritional, as well as preparation for childbirth,
• monitoring of the baby’s heartbeat and determining the baby’s well-being using a fetal monitor (FM) in the subsequent weeks of pregnancy,
• care of the baby from birth by a team of specialists in newborns,
• determining the appropriate method of contraception after childbirth.
• determining the causes of infertility

Urogynecology. Diseases such as uterine prolapse, urinary incontinence and bladder drooping, which are often observed in women, are serious problems and require treatment. Examination, clinical assessment and urodynamic studies are carried out in the obstetrics and gynecology department depending on the intensity of the patient’s complaints. The appropriate treatment method is determined for the patient:

• medication
• kegel exercise
• bladder training (behavioural therapy)
• vaginal cone exercise method
• pessary
• botox etc.

Gynecologic oncology. Breast cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer are the leading causes of cancer deaths in women worldwide. However, a few simple tests that women can do throughout the year will ensure early detection of gynecologic cancers and prevent more serious problems. The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology deals with oncological diseases of the female reproductive organs:

• cervical cancer
• uterine cancer
• breast cancer
• types of external genital cancer
• ovarian cancer screening and diagnosis
• use of cervical cancer vaccine

Andrology (reproductive health):

• Infertility
• Infertility tests
• ovulation tracking
• ovulation problems
• endometriosis
• hysteroscopy
• duct blockage
• ultrasound and doppler

Menopause. Regular gynecological examinations should not be interrupted during menopause, which is a very important period for women’s health. Considering that 45% of cancers in the female body originate from the genital organs and that these diseases are most common between the ages of 40 and 55, much greater caution should be exercised during menopause. Regular examinations for breast cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer and cancer of the external genitalia are important in terms of early diagnosis of diseases during this period. What to do during menopause:

• periodic gynecological examination
• Bone density screening after age 65
• Ultrasound of the mammary glands and mammography
• Hormone replacement therapy if necessary

Pediatric and adolescent gynecology. It is important to ensure control of gynecological problems and natural processes of girls and young women. The gynecology and obstetrics department is a department where not only treatment of gynecological diseases is carried out, but also the necessary information is provided.

The procedure performed during rhinoplasty involves changing the shape of the nose by changing the structure of the cartilage and bones. To create a more aesthetically pleasing shape of the nose, sometimes it is necessary to trim the bones and cartilage, and sometimes, on the contrary, to draw in the missing parts and change their shape.

The clinic offers its patients a high level of service. The wards are equipped with everything necessary for a comfortable stay. During inpatient treatment, a dietary menu is individually developed for the patient depending on the doctor’s instructions. The clinic has all the conditions for a comfortable stay for both the patient and accompanying persons.